I had to ask around to find a good answer to this. Here’s as far as I understand:
TYPO3’s database interaction depends on Doctrine DBAL and its database support.
There are reports on things working well with certain MariaDB 11 versions. However, the core tests aren’t always happy, so the TYPO3 core is not officially tagged as supporting MariaDB 11.
I don’t know how comfortable you are with the deeper end of TYPO3, you can probably help by testing TYPO3 on a MariaDB 11.8 environment and trying to fix any failing core tests.